ПОСТКОЛОНИЈАЛНА ПЕРСПЕКТИВА ПУТОВАЊА У ЕГИПАТ У ПУТОПИСУ ИЗ ЖАРКЕ АФРИКЕ МИЛОРАДА РАЈЧЕВИЋА
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.19090/i.2020.31.217-231Кључне речи:
Милорад Рајчевић, путопис, Египат, Арапи, дискурс оријентализма, постколонијална перспективаСажетак
Милорад Рајчевић, познати српски путник, авантуриста и путописац, ишао је и у Египат 1921. у склопу својих светских путовања. Његови утисци и искуства са ових путовања објављени су у београдском часопису Мали журнал, као и у монографијама Из жарке Африке (1924. и 1925) и На далеком истоку (1930). Ово штиво пружа важан увид у слику коју је српски буржоаски сталеж имао и о древном и о Египту из времена Рајчевићевих путовања. Његове импресије и искуства били су обликовани колонијалним дискурсом европског путника и пренети јавности посредством путописа Из жарке Африке. Стога нам ова књига даје увид у ставове према древном и савременом Египту, и то пре него што су се у Србији појавила академска интересовања за проучавање старог Египта. Овај путопис садржи бројне представе о арапској популацији из перспективе дискурса оријентализма, а са становишта историје и археологије, нарочито су упутни његови коментарио прогресу и модернизацији. У том контексту, важну улогу имају Рајчићеве упоредбе европских са староегипатским културним и техничким достигнућима. У овом раду је анализиран садржај путописа Из жарке Африке употребом постколонијалне перспективе и указано је да и поред тога што се препознају одређене идеје својствене колонијалном светоназору његовог доба, није могуће тачно одредити тачне изворе које је Рајчевић користио.
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Референце
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______. Ägypten: Handbuch für Reisende. Band 2. Ober-Aegypten und Nubien bis zum zweiten Katarakt. Leipzig: Karl Bädeker Verlag, 1891.
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Champion, T. ‘Egypt and the Diffusion of Culture’, in: D. Jeffreys (ed.), Views of Ancient Egypt since Napoleon Bonaparte: Imperialism, Colonialism and Modern Appropriations, London: University College of London Press, 2003, 127–146.
Daeschel, M. ‘The Civilizational Obsessions of Ghulam Jilani Barq’, in: H. Fischer-Tine and M. Mann (eds.), Colonialism as Civilizing Mission: Cultural Ideology in British India, London: Anthem Press, 2004, 270–290.
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Jeffreys, D. ‘Introduction-Two Hundred Years of Ancient Egypt: Modern History and Ancient Archaeology’, in: D. Jeffreys (ed.), Views of Ancient Egypt since Napoleon Bonaparte: Imperialism, Colonialism and Modern Appropriations, London: University College of London Press, 2003, 1–18.
MacKenzie, J. M. Orientalism. History, theory, and the arts. Manchester and New York: Manchester University Press, 1995
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______. ‘Pyramids, dragons and whores: (Post)colonial myths and metafictions in "A Song of Ice and Fire" novels by G. R. R. Martin’, in: B. Hinson and B. Janulikova (eds.), Archaeology: Myths within and without, Cambridge: Archaeological Review from Cambridge, 2015, 172–184.
Matić, U. ‘Der “dritte Raum”, Hybridität und das Niltal: Das epistemologische Potenzial der postkolonialen Theorie in der Ägyptologie’, in: S. Beck, B. Backes und A. Verbovsek (Hrsg.), Interkulturalität: Kontakt – Konflikt – Konzeptualisierung: Beiträge des sechsten Berliner Arbeitskreises Junge Aegyptologie (BAJA 6). Göttinger Orientforschungen IV. Reihe: Ägypten. Band 63, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag. 2017, 93–111.
______. ‘Review of Staša Babić. Metaarheologija. Ogled o uslovima znanja o prošlosti (Beograd: Clio, 2018, 188pp., ISBN 978-86-7102-596-6)’, European Journal of Archaeology, 22.2, 2019a, 289–293.
______. ‘Memories under the African Sun. An Overview of Milorad Rajčević’s Journey to Egypt’, in: E. Epštajn (ed.), Under the Spotlight. Ancient Egyptian Collections in Museums in Serbia. Belgrade: The Museum of African Art-the Veda and Dr. Zdravko Pečar Collection, 2019b, 83–94.
______. Ethnic Identities in the Land of the Pharaohs. Past and Present Approaches in Egyptology. Elements-Ancient Egypt in Context. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020.
Мihajlović, V. ‘Kanonski lepo-estetski kriterijumi i geneza rasizma’. Etnoantropološki problemi 6.3, 2011, 625–640.
Mihajlović, V. D. ‘Borislav Jankulov, kultura sećanja i tumečenje praistorije I: rasiološki pristup prošlosti’, in: M. Samardžić (ur.) Kultura sećanja na vojvođanskom prostoru, Novi Sad: Filozofski fakultet, 2017, 71–99.
Milosavljević, M. ‘Divlji čovek kao mera drugosti’, Etnoantropološki problemi 6.3, 2011, 607–624.
______. ‘Niko Županić i konstrukcija jugoslovenske etnogeneze’, Etnoantropološki problemi 8.3, 2013, 717–746.
Novaković, P. Historija arheologije u novim zemljama Jugoistočne Evrope, Sarajevo: Univerzitet u Sarajevu, 2014.
Palavesta, А. Kulturni konteksti arheologije. Beograd: Filozofski fakultet, 2011.
Prodanović Bojović, A. ‘From Egypt to Serbia. Creating Ancient Egyptian Collections’, in: E. Epštajn (ed.), Under the Spotlight. Ancient Egyptian Collections in Museums in Serbia. Belgrade: The Museum of African Art-the Veda and Dr. Zdravko Pečar Collection, 2019, 15–36.
Rajčević, М. Iz žarke Afrike. Uspomene Milorada Rajčevića, svetskog putnika I. Beograd: Grafički zavod Makarije, 1924
______. Iz žarke Afrike. Uspomene Milorada Rajčevića, svetskog putnika II. Beograd: Grafički zavod Makarije, 1925.
______. Na Dalekom Istoku. Beograd: Štamparija Đura Jakšić, 1930.
Reid, D. M. Whose Pharaohs? Archaeology, Museums, and Egyptian National Identity from Napoleon to World War I. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2002.
Said, E. Orientalism. London: Penguin Books, 1977.
Savković, N. N. Putovanje-životna opcija Milorada Rajčevića. Filolog, IX, 2018: 514–530.
Sretenović, D. Crno telo, bele maske. Beograd: Muzej afričke umetnosti, 2004.
Stefanović, D. ‘Market-women and Market-place in Pharaonic Egypt: According to Hdt, II, 35, Egyptian Written Sources and Iconography’, Glasnik srpskog arheološkog društva, 15–16, 1999, 145–151.
______. ‘Serbian encounters with Egypt: Jelena Dimitrijević (1862–1945) and Nikola Vulić (1872–1945)’ unpublished manuscript of the lecture given on 16. 10. 2014, at Kunsthistorisches Museum Wiem – monthly lectures by Egypt and Austria Society.
Šćukanec Rezniček, P. ʻThe Egyptian Collection in the Archaeological Museum in Zagreb: History and Researchʼ, in: M. Tomorad (ed.), A History of Research into Ancient Egyptian Culture Conducted in Southeast Europe. Archaeopress Egyptology 8. Oxford: Archaeopress, 2015, 85–92.
Tomorad, M. ʻThe Ancient Egyptian Antiquities in Institutional and Private Collections in Croatiaʼ, in: M. Tomorad (ed.), A History of Research into Ancient Egyptian Culture Conducted in Southeast Europe. Archaeopress Egyptology 8. Oxford: Archaeopress, 2015, 85–92.
Turner, B. S. Orientalism, Postmodernism and Globalism. London: Routledge, 2004.
Tylor, E. B. Primitive culture, researches into the development of mythology, philosophy, religion, language, art and custom. Vol, I. London: John Murray, 1903.
Vasiljević, V. ‘Iskrivljena slika starog Egipta’. Glasnik srpskog arheološkog društva 8, 1992, 159–163.
______. ‘Egiptologija kod nas–luksuz ili potreba?’ Glasnik srpskog arheološkog društva, 15–16, 1999–2002, 97–301.
______. ‘Stari Egipat u našem kulturnom nasleđu?’ Etnoantropološki problemi 8.3, 2013, 825–844.
______. ‘Enterijer kairske kuće na slikama Paje Jovanovića’, Znornik Narodnog Muzeja-Beograd XXI/2, 2014, 205‒220.
______. Senka Egipta. Beograd: Dosije, 2016.
http://www.politika.rs/scc/clanak/365428/Braca-Savic-srpska-braca-Limijer, accessed on 2nd June, 2018.
______. ‘Egyptian Antiquities in the Museums of Serbia’, in: M. Eldamaty and M. Trad (eds.), Egyptian Museum Collections around the World. Studies for the Centennial of the Egyptian Museum, Cairo. Volume One, Cairo: Supreme Council of Antiquities, 2002b, 39–50.
______. ‘Staroegipatska zbirka Gradskog muzeja u Somboru’, Glasnik srpskog arheološkog društva, 23, 2007, 227–244.
Anđelković, B. i Panić-Štorh, M. Staroegipatska zbirka Gradskog muzeja u Vršscu. Vršac: Gradski muzej Vršac, 2002.
Anđelković, B. and Harker, J. ‘Identity Restored: Nesmin’s Forensic Facial Reconstruction in Context’, Etnoantropološki problem, 3.6, 2011, 715–728.
Anđelković, B. and Elias, J. P. ‘Ernest Brummer and the Coffin of Nefer-renepet from Akhmim’, Etnoantropološki problemi 8.2, 2013, 565–584.
Bhabha, H. The Location of Culture. London and New York: Routledge, 1994.
Babić, S. ‘Still innocent after all these years? Sketches for a social history of archaeology in Serbia’, in: P. F. Biehl, A. Gramsch und A. Marciniak (Hrsg.), Archäologien Europas: Geschichte, Methoden und Theorien, Münster: Waxmann, 2002, 309–322
______. ‘Archaeology in Serbia-A Way Forward?’ in: N. Tasić and C. Grozdanov (eds.), Homage to Milutin Garašanin, Belgrade: Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 2006, 655–659.
______. Metaarheologija. Ogled u uslovima znanja o prošlosti. Beograd: Clio, 2018.
Bädeker, K. Ägypten: Handbuch für Reisende. Band 1. Unter-Aegypten bis zum Fayûm und die Sinai-Halbinsel. Leipzig: Karl Bädeker Verlag, 1877.
______. Ägypten: Handbuch für Reisende. Band 2. Ober-Aegypten und Nubien bis zum zweiten Katarakt. Leipzig: Karl Bädeker Verlag, 1891.
Burden, R. Travel, Modernism and Modernity, London and New York: Routledge, 2015
Burdett, Ch. and Duncan, D. ‘Cultural Encounters: European Travel-Writing in the 1930s’ in: Ch. Burdett and D. Duncan (eds.), Cultural Encounters: European Travel Writing in the 1930s, New York and Oxford: Berghahn Books, 2002, 1–10.
Champion, T. ‘Egypt and the Diffusion of Culture’, in: D. Jeffreys (ed.), Views of Ancient Egypt since Napoleon Bonaparte: Imperialism, Colonialism and Modern Appropriations, London: University College of London Press, 2003, 127–146.
Daeschel, M. ‘The Civilizational Obsessions of Ghulam Jilani Barq’, in: H. Fischer-Tine and M. Mann (eds.), Colonialism as Civilizing Mission: Cultural Ideology in British India, London: Anthem Press, 2004, 270–290.
Douglas, M. Purity and Danger. An Analysis of the Concepts of Pollution and Taboo. London and New York: Routledge, 2001 [1966].
Díaz-Andreu, M. A World History of Nineteenth-Century Archaeology: Nationalism, Colonialism, and the Past, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007
Dimitrijević, N. Leskovac 101. 6000 p.n.e-1945. god. Leskovac: Đak, 2015.
Gregory, D. ‘Scripting Egypt: Orientalism and the Cultures of Travel’, in: J. Duncan and D. Gregory (eds.), Writes of Passage: Reading Travel Literature, London: Routledge, 1999, 114–150.
Hassan, F. A. ‘Egypt in the Memory of the World’, in: W. Wendrich (ed.), Egyptian Archaeology, Oxford: Blackwell, 2010, 259–273.
Jeffreys, D. ‘Introduction-Two Hundred Years of Ancient Egypt: Modern History and Ancient Archaeology’, in: D. Jeffreys (ed.), Views of Ancient Egypt since Napoleon Bonaparte: Imperialism, Colonialism and Modern Appropriations, London: University College of London Press, 2003, 1–18.
MacKenzie, J. M. Orientalism. History, theory, and the arts. Manchester and New York: Manchester University Press, 1995
Matić, U. ‘Slike faraonske prošlosti: O razvoju i stanju egiptologije u Srbiji’, in: E. Epštajn (ed.), Egipat u sećanju Srbije, Beograd: Muzej afričke umetnosti. 2011/2013, 29–46. https://www.museumofafricanart.org/images/publications/Epublications/Egipat_u_secanju_Srbije_e_izdanje.pdf, pristup Jun 2, 2018
______. ‘Pyramids, dragons and whores: (Post)colonial myths and metafictions in "A Song of Ice and Fire" novels by G. R. R. Martin’, in: B. Hinson and B. Janulikova (eds.), Archaeology: Myths within and without, Cambridge: Archaeological Review from Cambridge, 2015, 172–184.
Matić, U. ‘Der “dritte Raum”, Hybridität und das Niltal: Das epistemologische Potenzial der postkolonialen Theorie in der Ägyptologie’, in: S. Beck, B. Backes und A. Verbovsek (Hrsg.), Interkulturalität: Kontakt – Konflikt – Konzeptualisierung: Beiträge des sechsten Berliner Arbeitskreises Junge Aegyptologie (BAJA 6). Göttinger Orientforschungen IV. Reihe: Ägypten. Band 63, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag. 2017, 93–111.
______. ‘Review of Staša Babić. Metaarheologija. Ogled o uslovima znanja o prošlosti (Beograd: Clio, 2018, 188pp., ISBN 978-86-7102-596-6)’, European Journal of Archaeology, 22.2, 2019a, 289–293.
______. ‘Memories under the African Sun. An Overview of Milorad Rajčević’s Journey to Egypt’, in: E. Epštajn (ed.), Under the Spotlight. Ancient Egyptian Collections in Museums in Serbia. Belgrade: The Museum of African Art-the Veda and Dr. Zdravko Pečar Collection, 2019b, 83–94.
______. Ethnic Identities in the Land of the Pharaohs. Past and Present Approaches in Egyptology. Elements-Ancient Egypt in Context. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020.
Мihajlović, V. ‘Kanonski lepo-estetski kriterijumi i geneza rasizma’. Etnoantropološki problemi 6.3, 2011, 625–640.
Mihajlović, V. D. ‘Borislav Jankulov, kultura sećanja i tumečenje praistorije I: rasiološki pristup prošlosti’, in: M. Samardžić (ur.) Kultura sećanja na vojvođanskom prostoru, Novi Sad: Filozofski fakultet, 2017, 71–99.
Milosavljević, M. ‘Divlji čovek kao mera drugosti’, Etnoantropološki problemi 6.3, 2011, 607–624.
______. ‘Niko Županić i konstrukcija jugoslovenske etnogeneze’, Etnoantropološki problemi 8.3, 2013, 717–746.
Novaković, P. Historija arheologije u novim zemljama Jugoistočne Evrope, Sarajevo: Univerzitet u Sarajevu, 2014.
Palavesta, А. Kulturni konteksti arheologije. Beograd: Filozofski fakultet, 2011.
Prodanović Bojović, A. ‘From Egypt to Serbia. Creating Ancient Egyptian Collections’, in: E. Epštajn (ed.), Under the Spotlight. Ancient Egyptian Collections in Museums in Serbia. Belgrade: The Museum of African Art-the Veda and Dr. Zdravko Pečar Collection, 2019, 15–36.
Rajčević, М. Iz žarke Afrike. Uspomene Milorada Rajčevića, svetskog putnika I. Beograd: Grafički zavod Makarije, 1924
______. Iz žarke Afrike. Uspomene Milorada Rajčevića, svetskog putnika II. Beograd: Grafički zavod Makarije, 1925.
______. Na Dalekom Istoku. Beograd: Štamparija Đura Jakšić, 1930.
Reid, D. M. Whose Pharaohs? Archaeology, Museums, and Egyptian National Identity from Napoleon to World War I. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2002.
Said, E. Orientalism. London: Penguin Books, 1977.
Savković, N. N. Putovanje-životna opcija Milorada Rajčevića. Filolog, IX, 2018: 514–530.
Sretenović, D. Crno telo, bele maske. Beograd: Muzej afričke umetnosti, 2004.
Stefanović, D. ‘Market-women and Market-place in Pharaonic Egypt: According to Hdt, II, 35, Egyptian Written Sources and Iconography’, Glasnik srpskog arheološkog društva, 15–16, 1999, 145–151.
______. ‘Serbian encounters with Egypt: Jelena Dimitrijević (1862–1945) and Nikola Vulić (1872–1945)’ unpublished manuscript of the lecture given on 16. 10. 2014, at Kunsthistorisches Museum Wiem – monthly lectures by Egypt and Austria Society.
Šćukanec Rezniček, P. ʻThe Egyptian Collection in the Archaeological Museum in Zagreb: History and Researchʼ, in: M. Tomorad (ed.), A History of Research into Ancient Egyptian Culture Conducted in Southeast Europe. Archaeopress Egyptology 8. Oxford: Archaeopress, 2015, 85–92.
Tomorad, M. ʻThe Ancient Egyptian Antiquities in Institutional and Private Collections in Croatiaʼ, in: M. Tomorad (ed.), A History of Research into Ancient Egyptian Culture Conducted in Southeast Europe. Archaeopress Egyptology 8. Oxford: Archaeopress, 2015, 85–92.
Turner, B. S. Orientalism, Postmodernism and Globalism. London: Routledge, 2004.
Tylor, E. B. Primitive culture, researches into the development of mythology, philosophy, religion, language, art and custom. Vol, I. London: John Murray, 1903.
Vasiljević, V. ‘Iskrivljena slika starog Egipta’. Glasnik srpskog arheološkog društva 8, 1992, 159–163.
______. ‘Egiptologija kod nas–luksuz ili potreba?’ Glasnik srpskog arheološkog društva, 15–16, 1999–2002, 97–301.
______. ‘Stari Egipat u našem kulturnom nasleđu?’ Etnoantropološki problemi 8.3, 2013, 825–844.
______. ‘Enterijer kairske kuće na slikama Paje Jovanovića’, Znornik Narodnog Muzeja-Beograd XXI/2, 2014, 205‒220.
______. Senka Egipta. Beograd: Dosije, 2016.
http://www.politika.rs/scc/clanak/365428/Braca-Savic-srpska-braca-Limijer, accessed on 2nd June, 2018.
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12. 11. 2020.
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MATIĆ, U. (2020). ПОСТКОЛОНИЈАЛНА ПЕРСПЕКТИВА ПУТОВАЊА У ЕГИПАТ У ПУТОПИСУ ИЗ ЖАРКЕ АФРИКЕ МИЛОРАДА РАЈЧЕВИЋА. ИСТРАЖИВАЊА, часопис за историју, (31), 217–231. https://doi.org/10.19090/i.2020.31.217-231
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